A turbine which expands steam to a constant condition which is above atmospheric pressure converting thermal energy into shaft rotation.

A unit of pressure defined as 10⁵ Pascals and equal to 0.9869 atmospheres, 10⁶ dynes per square centimetre, and 14.5 pounds per square inch.

The boundary limits of equipment or a process unit that defines interconnecting points for electrical piping or wiring.

Water alkalinity caused by bicarbonate ions.

Undesirable presence and growth of organic matter in a water system.

An evaporator cleaning process where wash water is boiled in an evaporator to remove scale deposits.

A vessel in which water is continually vaporised into steam by the application of heat.

Water which, in the best practice, is softened and/or demineralized and heated to nearly boiler temperature and deaerated before being pumped into a steam boiler.

The temperature at which a liquid’s vapour pressure equals the pressure acting on the liquid.

(BPE) The difference between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of pure water at the same pressure.

(BPR) see boiling point elevation

The volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure at constant temperature.

Water containing low concentration of soluble salts, usually between 1,000 and 10,000 mg/L.

Water saturated with, or containing a high concentration of salts, usually in excess of 36,000 mg/L.

Term used to describe a vertical tube falling film evaporator employing special scale control techniques to maximize concentration of dissolved solids.

The heat input section of a multistage flash evaporator where feedwater is heated to the process’ top temperature.

See “reject staging”.

(BTU) The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

See “British Thermal Unit”.

The pressure at which air first passes through a wet membrane; the path being the channel of greatest pore size.

A substance that stabilizes the pH value of solutions.

Brackish water reverse osmosis.