(F) A temperature scale on which water’s freezing point is 32 degrees and boiling point is 212 degrees.

An evaporator with vertical heat transfer surfaces where liquor falling down the surfaces is heated by steam condensing on the other side of the surface.

Liquid remaining after removal of solids through filtration.

See “multistage flash evaporation”.

A distillation device where saline water is vaporized in a vessel under vacuum through pressure reduction. See also “multistage flash evaporation”.

The process of vaporizing a fluid by pressure reduction rather than temperature elevation.

(1) Flowrate per unit area.

(2) Heat transfer rate per unit area.

An evaporator in which circulation is maintained by pumping the liquid through the heating element with relatively low evaporation per pass.

see fouling factor

A design criteria used to allow for some variation of equipment performance due to fouling.

A centrifugal turbine-type energy recovery device. May simply be a reverse running pump.

(FAC) The amount of chlorine available as dissolved gas, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite ion that is not combined with ammonia or other compounds in the water.

The concentration of residual chlorine remaining at the end of a specific contact time which is available as dissolved gas, hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite ion, not combined with ammonia or in another less readily available form.

See “free available chlorine residual”.

Production of distillate by freezing a saline solution and washing salts from the pure water crystals prior to melting.

Water that usually contains less than 1000 mg/L of dissolved solids.