(LSI) A measure of the degree of saturation of calcium carbonate in water based on pH, alkalinity and hardness. A positive LSI indicates that calcium carbonate may precipitate from solution to form scale.

(LR) A ratio used to determine impacts of chlorides and sulfates on corrosion in iron pipes.

The heat required to cause a change of state at constant temperature, such as the vaporization of water, or the melting of ice.

(1) The presence of an ionic species in ion exchanger effluent that usually indicates bed exhaustion.

(2) The uncontrolled loss of water from a tank or aquifer.

The term generally used to describe ground limestone (calcium carbonate), hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide), or burned lime (calcium oxide).

The addition of sufficient lime to raw water to achieve a reduction of carbonate hardness.

A sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate.

(L) A unit of volume equal to 1000 cubic centimetres, or 1.057 quarts. One litre of water weighs 1000 grams.

A unit of weight equal to 2240 pounds.

See “Larson ratio”.

See “Langlier Saturation Index”.

Low temperature additive.