Untreated surface or groundwater.

An evaporator-condenser unit which produces secondary steam after condensation of primary steam. Used to isolate steam systems and avoid cross contamination of boiler chemicals.

see Steam Transformer

The reintroduction of carbon dioxide into water, usually during or after lime-soda softening.

The addition of water from another source to replenish a groundwater supply.

Wastewater that has been treated to a level that allows for its reuse for a beneficial purpose.

The process of improving or restoring the condition of land or other material to a better or more useful state.

In reverse osmosis processes, recovery indicates the amount/percentage of product water recovered from the feed stream. Also known as “conversion”.

A chemical solution used to restore the exchange capacity of ion exchange resin.

The process of restoring exchange capacity of an ion exchange material.

The waste stream containing impurities rejected in a treatment process, most commonly applied to reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ultrafiltration systems.

Reverse osmosis process configuration where the reject from one stage is used as feedwater on a subsequent stage to increase water recovery. Also called “brine staging”.

In reverse osmosis, the percentage of dissolved solids removed from the feedwater as it passes through the semipermeable membrane. Also called “salt rejection”.

The total amount of water vapour present in the air, expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount that the air could hold at a given temperature.

Treatment of wastewater to a high quality, usually involving a desalination process.

A material having ion exchange properties used in ion exchange systems.

A measure of resistance to the flow of electricity, used as an accurate measure of a water’s ionic purity.

Using a product or component of municipal solid waste in its original form more than once.

(RO) A method of separating water from dissolved salts by passing feedwater through a semipermeable membrane at a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure caused by the dissolved salts.

Request for Proposal.

An evaporator using vertical heat transfer surfaces where liquor on one side of the surface is boiled by steam condensing on the other side, causing vapours to rise, carrying the liquid upwards as a film.

See “reverse osmosis”.

Reverse osmosis water purification unit.